Medicinal Plants as A Source of Novel Antiviral Compounds: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

The rapid emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases have underscored the need for novel antiviral compounds. Medicinal plants, with their rich chemical diversity, offer a promising source of new antiviral agents. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on medicinal plants as a source of antiviral compounds, highlighting the challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in this field. A comprehensive analysis of the literature reveals that numerous medicinal plants possess antiviral activity against a range of viruses, including HIV, HSV, and influenza. The bioactive compounds responsible for this activity include alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenes. However, the discovery and development of antiviral compounds from medicinal plants are hindered by several challenges, including the complexity of plant extracts, limited understanding of mechanisms of action, and regulatory hurdles. Despite these challenges, advances in analytical techniques, high-throughput screening, and synergistic approaches offer opportunities for the discovery and development of novel antiviral compounds from medicinal plants. Furthermore, the integration of traditional knowledge with modern scientific approaches and the development of sustainable cultivation and harvesting methods hold promise for the future. This review highlights the potential of medicinal plants as a source of novel antiviral compounds and underscores the need for continued research and investment in this area. By addressing the challenges and leveraging the opportunities, we can unlock the full potential of medicinal plants in the fight against viral diseases.